Carbon nanotubes, tubular structures composed of rolled graphene sheets, have captivated scientists and engineers with their exceptional physical properties. Their remarkable strength, conductivity, and lightness make them ideal candidates for a extensive range of applications, from high-performance

quantum dots exhibit special properties from the superior polarizability of electron energy ranges discretization of Vitality ranges focus of oscillator energy for particular changeover. the dimensions induced consequences in many cases are more info complicated Using the surface consequences which